Frederick Douglass and the Fifth of July

Frederick Douglass and the Fifth of July

What to the slave is the Fourth of July? asked Frederick Douglass to a Rochester audience. What indeed?

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The First Independence Day after the End of the Civil War

The First Independence Day after the End of the Civil War

Here’s how Julia Wilbur—and finally liberated African Americans—celebrated July 4, 1865, in Washington, DC.

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